【热门】什么是系动词,系动词的分类
通常我们把系动词分为六大类:
状态系动词,感官系动词,变化系动词,持续系动词,表象系动词,终止系动词。
1.状态系动词:通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等 ,只有be动词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
He is a famous scientist.他是一位有名的科学家
注意:主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。
2.感官系动词:feel, *** ell, sound, taste.
This flower *** ells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
The soup tastes good.
这碗汤尝起来很美味。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布摸起来很软。
注意:
The chef is tasting the food.
厨师正在品尝食物。
The food is tasted by the chef .
厨师品尝了食物。
3.变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that.
自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
一般情况下,系动词没有进行时态, 但是这些表示变化类的系动词,是可以用进行时态的,例如
It was becoming cold, so we lit the fire. 天气变冷了,所以我们点起了火。
另外某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。
Our life is becoming better and better.
我们的生活变得越来越好了。
4.持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
He always keeps silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery.
此事仍是一个谜。
5.表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, *** ear, look。
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.
他看起来很伤心。
6.终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意。
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
中学英语常考“系动词”13 个(重点中的重点)在主系表结构的英文句子中,系动词(也叫连系动词) 作用就好像一条纽带,把主语和表语系在一起。表语的作用是描述主语的“样子”,常由形容词来担任,也可以是名词和介词短语。中学常见的系动词:
1. be动词:在现在时中,有 am,is,are 三种形式,过去时中,am 和 is 变成 was,are 变成 were。be 有现在分词形式 being,还有过去分词 been 。例如:
He was busy. 他当时很忙。
The road is being under repair.
路正在修。
I h *** e been very busy these days.
这些天我一直很忙。
2. look:看上去,如:
You look ill. 你看上去病了。
3. feel:感觉起来,摸起来,如:
Silk feels *** ooth. 丝绸摸起来很光滑。
4. sound:听起来,听上去,如:
Sounds great. 听起来不错。此句省去了主语 It,所以 sound 后面 s。
5. *** ell:闻起来,如:
The socks *** ell terrible.
这袜子难闻死了。
6. taste:尝起来,吃起来,如:
It tastes good. 很好吃。
7. seem【重要】:看起来,看上去,这个词是中学英语学习的重点,因为 seem 后面跟的花样比较多:
Damin seemed annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(后跟形容词)
Damin seemed to be annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(后跟不定式)
It seemed that Damin was annoyed.
大明似乎生气了。(It seems that 句型)
8. become:表示“开始变得”,往往强调一个新状态的开始,如:
He became angry.
他变得生气了。(此前并不生气)
9. turn:性质、状态、形态或颜色等方面发生转变;变成,如:
Lisa turned red. 丽莎脸红了。
10. grow:逐渐变得,慢慢变得(强调有个变化过程),如:
He grew br *** er after this.
这之后,他变得更加勇敢。
11. get:形成某种状态,达到一个指明的状态;变得,如:
It' s getting dark. 天色越来越暗。
12. go:变成,往往表示变成不好的状态,如:
She went mad. 她疯了。
The food is going bad. 食物变质了。
13. fall:进入另一种状态;变成;成为。
He fell asleep. 他睡着了。
部分系动词的用法:
1. 连系动词 be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream is to be a scientist.
我的梦想是当一名科学家。
All you h *** e to do is to listen.
你只需要听。
2. seem, *** ear, prove等词常可接不定式,以to be结构的不定式最为常见。
He *** eared to be very strong.
他看起来非常强壮。
She doesn't seem to h *** e changed much.
她好像没有多大的变化。
Their theory proved to be correct.
它们的理论证明是对的。
3.可用于“It 系动词 that从句”结构的有:seem, *** ear, 不可用be, look。
It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
It *** eared that he was talking to himself.
好像他在自言自语。
4.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, *** ear.
It doesn't seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that we can't get our money back.
He seems not to be her father.
= He doesn't seem to be her father.
The baby doesn't *** ear to be awake.
= The baby *** ears not to be awake